Health Benefits of Petanque Participation Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review of Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Outcomes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijsas.v4i6.8Keywords:
health benefits; pétanque; physical; cognitive; psychosocial; PRISMA; systematic reviewAbstract
Background: Physical inactivity represents one of the most pressing global public health challenges. Petanque, a precision-based boules sport of growing popularity across Southeast Asia, offers a unique physical activity profile: low-impact, neuromotor-intensive, and inherently social. This study aimed to synthesize evidence on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health outcomes associated with petanque participation. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines across eight electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Google Scholar) and Indonesian national databases (GARUDA, SINTA), covering studies published 2000–2026. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), ROBINS-I, and CASP checklist. Results: A total of 25 studies met the eligibility criteria from 340 identified records. Physical outcomes documented include upper extremity muscular strength, hand-eye coordination, static and dynamic balance, and wrist flexibility. Cognitive outcomes include concentration, kinesthetic perception, and mental imagery proficiency. Psychological outcomes include competitive anxiety (high prevalence: 56.7% of athletes), mental toughness (r=−0.692, p=0.001), and efficacy of structured psychological interventions. Conclusions: Petanque participation is associated with meaningful multidomain health benefits. Its sport profile positions it as a strategic candidate for community-based health promotion, particularly for older adults and sedentary populations. Rigorous RCTs and longitudinal studies in community populations are urgently needed
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