Factors Affecting Account Officers' Perception of the Decrease in Non-Performing Loan (NPL) Risk of the Mekaar Program at PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (PNM) Bekasi Branch
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59890/ijsas.v4i10.90Keywords:
Internal control, SOP compliance, financing monitoring, Account Officer, NPL, MekaarAbstract
This study examines the effects of internal control, financing Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) compliance, and financing monitoring on Account Officers’ (AOs) perceptions of non-performing loan (NPL) risk reduction in the Mekaar Program of PT Permodalan Nasional Madani (PNM) Bekasi Branch. The study employed a quantitative explanatory design using cross-sectional data. The population consisted of 695 Account Officers, with a sample of 158 respondents determined using Slovin’s formula at a 7% error rate and proportionally allocated across the study areas. Data were collected through a 1–5 Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings show that internal control has a positive and significant effect on AOs’ perceptions of NPL risk reduction (B=0.525; t=3.129; p=0.002; β=0.553). Financing SOP compliance does not have a significant partial effect (B=-0.281; t=-1.567; p=0.119; β=-0.296). Financing monitoring has a positive and significant effect (B=0.386; t=2.861; p=0.005; β=0.398). Simultaneously, the three variables significantly explain the dependent variable (F=37.297; p<0.001). The coefficient of determination is 0.421, indicating that 42.1% of the variation in AOs’ perceptions is explained by the model. Internal control is the dominant factor based on the standardized beta coefficient. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening internal controls and monitoring while evaluating the gap between formal SOP compliance and implementation effectiveness.
References
Ariefianto, M. D., Trinugroho, I., & Yustika, A. E. (2024). Diversification, capital buffer, ownership and credit risk management in microfinance: An investigation on Indonesian rural banks. Research in International Business and Finance, 69, 102268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102268
Ba-Tri, T., Truong, L. D., Friday, H. S., & Pham, T. P. (2024). The effects of monitoring activities on loan defaults in group-based lending program: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 17(8), 357. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17080357
Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. (2025). Principles for the management of credit risk. Bank for International Settlements.
Berns, J. P., Shahriar, A. Z. M., & Unda, L. A. (2021). Delegated monitoring in crowdfunded microfinance: Evidence from Kiva. Journal of Corporate Finance, 66, 101864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2020.101864
Cason, T. N., Gangadharan, L., & Maitra, P. (2012). Moral hazard and peer monitoring in a laboratory microfinance experiment. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 82(1), 192–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2012.02.003
COSO. (2013). Internal control—Integrated framework. Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Dalla Pellegrina, L., De Michele, A., Di Maio, G., Landoni, P., & Parravicini, S. (2021). Group meeting frequency and borrowers’ repayment performance in microfinance: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in South Africa. Journal of African Economies, 30(5), 447–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejab004
Ghozali, I. (2021). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 26 (Edisi 10). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hidayat, I. R., Nugroho, G. W., & Indrawan, A. (2024). Analysis of the implementation of internal control system on non-performing loan: A case study on Bank BJB KCP Cicurug. JAKA (Jurnal Akuntansi, Keuangan, dan Auditing), 5(1), 114–136. https://doi.org/10.56696/jaka.v5i1.10742
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Kasmir. (2018). Analisis laporan keuangan. Rajawali Pers.
Kresiadanti, A. R. R., Ulpah, M., & Sakti, R. K. (2025). Operational risk aspect of non-performing loans in microfinance. JIA (Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi), 10(1), 106–120. https://doi.org/10.23887/jia.v10i1.78321
Megaputri, K. A., & Astawa, I. G. P. B. (2023). Analisis sistem pengendalian internal terhadap pemberian kredit di Koperasi Pegawai Negeri Praja Mukti. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Humanika, 13(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.23887/jiah.v13i1.45640
Nunnally, J. C., & Bernstein, I. H. (1994). Psychometric theory (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan. (2024). Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Nomor 42 Tahun 2024 tentang Penerapan Manajemen Risiko bagi Lembaga Pembiayaan, Perusahaan Modal Ventura, Lembaga Keuangan Mikro, dan Lembaga Jasa Keuangan Lainnya.
PT Permodalan Nasional Madani. (2026). Data SDM dan data kualitas pembiayaan Program Mekaar Cabang Bekasi. Dokumen internal.
Sugiyono. (2022). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (Edisi 2, cetakan ke-29). Alfabeta.
Uddin, M. H., Akter, S., Mollah, S., & Al Mahi, M. (2022). Differences in bank and microfinance business models: An analysis of the loan monitoring systems and funding sources. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 80, 101644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2022.101644
Venittelli, T. (2022). Is group lending a collateral for informal credit? Progress in Development Studies, 22(4), 392–407. https://doi.org/10.1177/14649934211063371
Wafula, J., Maingi, M., & Bulla, D. (2023). Effect of credit monitoring practices on loan nonperformance among microfinance institutions in Nairobi County, Kenya. African Journal of Empirical Research, 4(2), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.4.2.4
Zamore, S., Beisland, L. A., & Mersland, R. (2023). Excessive focus on risk? Non-performing loans and efficiency of microfinance institutions. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 28(2), 1290–1307. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2477
Zola, E. R., & Lantara, I. W. N. (2025). Evaluasi efektifitas model pembiayaan berbasis kelompok (group lending) terhadap mitigasi risiko kredit segmen ultra mikro: Studi empiris Mekaar PNM [Tesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada].
